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【摘要】 吸波材料因其高效、成本低、方便使用等优点在隐身领域具有广泛的应用前景,随着“薄、轻、宽、强”发展目标的提出,人们对吸波材料的研究逐渐转向结构型吸波材料。结构型吸波复合材料为了满足苛刻条件下的适应能力,除了力学性能满足要求外,吸波性能也是其能否满足应用要求的关键。为此本课题选用环氧树脂（EP）为基体、玻璃纤维（GF）和碳纤维（CF）对基体进行增强、吸波性能优异的羰基铁粉（CIP）作为吸波剂制备了吸波承载一体化复合材料。首先,通过正交试验探究真空辅助树脂成型工艺（VARI）最优条件并对CIP/EP反应前驱体进行流变性能测试,以及探究羰基铁粉与环氧树脂质量比(mCIP/mEP)对CIP/EP复合材料电磁性能的影响。结果表明,VARI工艺最优条件为:温度35℃、mCIP/mEP1.5:1、搅拌时间30min和酒精质量分数为5%,且mCIP/mEP为03:1的CIP/EP反应前驱体都能够满足VARI工艺对于可操作时间的要求;当mCIP/mEP为1:1时即复合板材CIP/EP-2的吸波性能最为优异:当厚度为2.2mm时在8.9GHz处可以达到最大反射损耗为-53.6dB,反射损耗低于-10dB的吸波频带宽度（有效吸波带宽）可达2.1GHz（8.210.3GHz）。其次,通过VARI工艺制备了CIP/GF/EP复合材料,研究mCIP/mEP对其微观形貌、电磁性能及吸波机制的影响。结果表明,随着频率增加,CIP/GF/EP复合板材介电损耗基本不变,磁损耗小幅度的下降;在厚度为2.2mm时CIP/GF/EP-4复合板材的吸波性能最好:在10.1GHz处反射损耗最大为-51.5dB,有效吸波带宽可达3.6GHz（8.812.4GHz）;复合材料的吸波性能与阻抗匹配、电子极化、界面极化以及共振损耗有关。最后,在以上工作基础上添加CF反射层制备了CIP/GF/CF/EP复合材料,并研究GF层数对此类复合材料吸波性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当GF层数为7层时即CIP/GF/CF/EP-7复合板材的吸波性能与力学性能较好:在8.212.4GHz范围内9.6GHz处的反射损耗达到最大值-34.2dB,有效吸波带宽可达3.2GHz;拉伸强度与拉伸模量为242.28MPa和22.39GPa,弯曲强度与弯曲模量为225.76MPa和17.47GPa。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microwave absorbing materials have broad application prospects in the stealth field due to their high efficiency,low cost and convenient use.With the goal of“thin,light,wide and strong”,research on absorbing materials has gradually turned to structural absorbing materials.In order to meet the adaptability under harsh conditions,structural absorbing composites not only need to meet the requirments of mechanical properties,but more importantly to meet the requirments of absorbing properties.In this paper,the carbonyl iron powder（CIP）absorbers with high efficience absorbing capability were employed to modify the epoxy resin（EP）to obtain novel absorbing bearing composites.Meanwhile,the EP was strengthened by glass fiber（GF）and carbon fiber（CF）to improve mechanical properties.First,the optimal process conditions of vacuum assisted resin infusion（VARI）were explored by orthogonal test and the rheological properties of CIP/EP reaction precursors were tested,as well as the effects of mass ratio of CIP to EP(mCIP/mEP)on electromagnetic properties of CIP/EP composites were studied.The results showed that the optimum conditions are as follows:temperature is 35℃,mCIP/mEPP is 1.5:1,stirring time is 30 min and alcohol content is 5%and the CIP/EP reaction precursors with mCIP/mEP of 03:1 can meet the operation time requirements of VARI process.When mCIP/mEP is 1:1,CIP/EP-2 with 2.2mm thickness exhibites a remarkable absorption performance,with a maximum reflection loss（RL）of-53.6dB at 8.9GHz and the band range below–10 dB（the corresponding bandwich）of 2.1GHz（8.210.3GHz）.Second,on the basis of optimum conditions,CIP/GF/EP composties were prepared by VARI process,and the electromagnetic properties and absorbing methanisms were investigated.The electromagnetic properties indicate that the dielectric loss of the CIP/GF/EP composites basically unchange with the increase of frequency,and the magnetic loss decrease slightly with the increase of frequency.When mCIP/mEP is 2:1,CIP/GF/EP-4 composite with2.2mm thickness exhibites a remarkable absorption performance,with a maximum RL of-51.5dB at10.1GHz and the corresponding bandwich of 3.6GHz（8.812.4GHz）.The superior microwave absorption properties of CIP/GF/EP composites are related to impedance matching,electronic polarization,interfacial polarization and resonance loss.Finally,CIP/GF/CF/EP composites were prepared by adding CF reflector layer on the basis of the above work,and the absorption properties and mechanical properties were explored by adjusting the GF layers.The CIP/GF/CF/EP composite with 7GF layers has better wave absorption and mechanical properties.CIP/GF/CF/EP-7 composite can reach the maximum RL of-34.2dB at 9.6GHz within the range of 8.212.4GHz and the corresponding bandwich of 3.2GHz.The tensile strength and tensile modulus of CIP/GF/CF/EP-7 are 242.28MPa and22.39GPa,and its flexural strength and flexural modulus are 225.76MPa and 17.47GPa.更多还原